BIZOMAT MAKEOS · Materials

Melt Charge Blend (Two Materials to a Target Content, Batch Masses, Cost)

How much of each of my two charge materials do I melt to hit the target alloy content, what do I weigh out for the batch, and what does the charge cost per kilogram?

Blend of two charge materials (two scrap grades, a base metal and a master alloy) to reach a target content of an element by alligation (as the mixture blending tool), the masses of each for the batch with a melt loss allowance for the element, and the charge cost per kilogram as a weighted average (as the mixture value tool), checked against your cost limit.

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How this tool works

Inputs, units and where to find them

InputUnitTypical source
Content of material A%Content of the element in material A.
Content of material B%Content of the element in material B.
Target content in the melt%Content wanted in the poured metal.
Melt loss of the element% of contentShare of the element lost by oxidation in melting (the charge aims higher to make up for it).
Charge masskgTotal mass of the charge.
Price of A$/kgPrice of material A.
Price of B$/kgPrice of material B.
Highest charge cost$/kgHighest average charge cost you accept.

What each input means

Open an input to see what it is, its units, the worked example and the common mistakes, with a small diagram.

What this means: Content of material A
Illustration: Content of material AA bar of 100 parts with the share marked; Content of material A is that share out of 100. The bar follows the value you type.0 %100 %Example: 7%Content of material A
What it is
The content of the controlled element (or ingredient) in charge material A, as a share by mass, from the material certificate or analysis.
Units and format
Enter a number in %: percent: the number is read as a percentage, so type 8 for 8 %. The form accepts 0% to 100%. Required: the tool does not calculate until every input is valid.
Example
The form opens with 7% as a worked example. It is an illustration, not a recommended value: replace it with your own figure.
Get it right
It must differ from material B; the target must lie between the two contents.
What this means: Content of material B
Illustration: Content of material BA bar of 100 parts with the share marked; Content of material B is that share out of 100. The bar follows the value you type.0 %100 %Example: 12%Content of material B
What it is
The content of the same element in charge material B, as a share by mass, from its certificate or analysis.
Units and format
Enter a number in %: percent: the number is read as a percentage, so type 8 for 8 %. The form accepts 0% to 100%. Required: the tool does not calculate until every input is valid.
Example
The form opens with 12% as a worked example. It is an illustration, not a recommended value: replace it with your own figure.
Get it right
Use the same element and basis (mass percent) as for material A.
What this means: Target content in the melt
Illustration: Target content in the meltA bar of 100 parts with the share marked; Target content in the melt is that share out of 100. The bar follows the value you type.0 %100 %Example: 9%Target content in the melt
What it is
The content of the element you want in the poured metal, from the alloy specification or your aim within its range.
Units and format
Enter a number in %: percent: the number is read as a percentage, so type 8 for 8 %. The form accepts 0% to 100%. Required: the tool does not calculate until every input is valid.
Example
The form opens with 9% as a worked example. It is an illustration, not a recommended value: replace it with your own figure.
Effect on the result
Moving the target towards one material’s content increases that material’s share.
What this means: Melt loss of the element
Illustration: Melt loss of the elementA bar of 100 parts with the share marked; Melt loss of the element is that share out of 100. The bar follows the value you type.0 %100 %Example: 0 % of contentMelt loss of the element
What it is
The share of the element lost during melting, for example by oxidation, as a percentage of the element’s content. The charge aims higher to make up for it.
Units and format
Enter a number in % of content: % of content. The form accepts 0 % of content to 50 % of content. Required: the tool does not calculate until every input is valid.
Example
The form opens with 0 % of content as a worked example. It is an illustration, not a recommended value: replace it with your own figure.
Effect on the result
The charge aim is the target ÷ (1 − loss ÷ 100).
Get it right
This is a percent of the content, not percentage points of the melt; use your own melt records.
What this means: Charge mass
Illustration: Charge massA weight resting on a scale; Charge mass is how much matter it contains, in kilograms or grams.mExample: 500 kgCharge mass
What it is
The total mass of metal charged into the furnace for this melt.
Units and format
Enter a number in kg: kilograms. The form accepts 0.000001 kg to 10000000 kg. Required: the tool does not calculate until every input is valid.
Example
The form opens with 500 kg as a worked example. It is an illustration, not a recommended value: replace it with your own figure.
Effect on the result
The masses of A and B scale in proportion; the cost per kilogram does not change.
What this means: Price of A
Illustration: Price of AA price tag on one unit of measure; Price of A is the cost for each unit (per hour, per kilogram and so on).$cost foreach unitExample: $2/kgPrice of A
What it is
The price paid for each kilogram of material A delivered to the furnace.
Units and format
Enter a number in $/kg: money per kilogram. The form accepts $0/kg to $100000/kg. Required: the tool does not calculate until every input is valid.
Example
The form opens with $2/kg as a worked example. It is an illustration, not a recommended value: replace it with your own figure.
What this means: Price of B
Illustration: Price of BA price tag on one unit of measure; Price of B is the cost for each unit (per hour, per kilogram and so on).$cost foreach unitExample: $3/kgPrice of B
What it is
The price paid for each kilogram of material B delivered to the furnace.
Units and format
Enter a number in $/kg: money per kilogram. The form accepts $0/kg to $100000/kg. Required: the tool does not calculate until every input is valid.
Example
The form opens with $3/kg as a worked example. It is an illustration, not a recommended value: replace it with your own figure.
What this means: Highest charge cost
Illustration: Highest charge costA price tag on one unit of measure; Highest charge cost is the cost for each unit (per hour, per kilogram and so on).$cost foreach unitExample: $2.6/kgHighest charge cost
What it is
The highest average charge cost per kilogram you accept for this melt, from your costing or quotation.
Units and format
Enter a number in $/kg: money per kilogram. The form accepts $0/kg to $100000/kg. Required: the tool does not calculate until every input is valid.
Example
The form opens with $2.6/kg as a worked example. It is an illustration, not a recommended value: replace it with your own figure.

Method and formulas

  1. Charge aim = target ÷ (1 − loss).
  2. Share of A = (c_B − aim) ÷ (c_B − c_A) by alligation; masses = share × batch (as the mixture blending tool).
  3. Cost per kilogram = Σ mass × price ÷ batch (as the mixture value tool).
  4. Example: charge 300 kg of A and 200 kg of B for 9%; the charge costs 2.4 $/kg.

Limitations

  • Linear mixing of the element; other elements must be checked the same way.
  • Single melt loss figure; actual loss varies with temperature and time.
  • Example values are illustrations. Replace them with values for your actual task.

Typical uses

  • Make up a furnace charge from two grades
  • Dilute a master alloy to a target content
  • Compare charge costs for a target chemistry

Who it is for

  • Foundry metallurgists
  • Furnace operators
  • Buyers

What you get

  • Charge content aimed for and shares of A and B
  • Masses for the batch
  • Charge cost per kilogram

Interpreting the result

  • If the target is outside the two contents no blend of these two reaches it: add a third material.

References

  • Machinery’s Handbook, 29th edition (Industrial Press, 2012), printed pp. 384. Topic reference; no source tables or recommended settings are reproduced.

Learn the Concepts Behind This Tool

These BIZOMAT Library readings explain the method this tool uses, with worked examples.

  • Method explained here · BIZOMAT original book

    Getting the chemistry right

    In Metal Casting by the Numbers

    What it covers: Making up a charge that pours to the right composition: blending returns and ingot by alligation, allowing for melt loss, correcting a low melt, and elements that build up with remelting.

BIZOMAT tools are screening and decision-support utilities. Verify important financial, engineering, safety, legal or operational decisions using appropriate professional standards and your organisation’s approved data.

Open the Melt Charge Blend (Two Materials to a Target Content, Batch Masses, Cost) calculator